byzantine Roman mosaic art decoration

Mosaic arts decoration, roman mosaic is one of the most famous mural decorations that have spread in roman art was parts of the upper walls or domes or half domes as mosaics by flooring palaces.
The Byzantine mosaics are closer to the arts micro architecture, but are the most important manifestations of Byzantine art in general, and despite the knowledge of the Greeks and Romans of this art but its importance increased in the Byzantine era, when used in abundance within the churches.
Due to the nature of this method the raw material used are mosaics that were not conducive to show visualization easily, and refer some to Roman art that had been taken away since the spread of Christianity on the simulation of nature and the representation of reality, so Byzantine art taken this trend continued it.
The First Church of substantial importance in the evolution of the art form shows in the two successive Mosaic: Characterized Mosaic Covenant Christian in the first (520 530 Ac) lively and care to detail and accuracy, this method since the Romanian Byzantine style, which emerged in an era characterized Justinian picture unwieldy, the faces pillar and not to show parts of the body despite the attention of the artist's decorative influence, and show style in the first images highest walls in part that rises to the windows when we see second way in which portrays Eaves Lower description of the martyrs is increased pressure on all of them.
Cover decorations mosaic all walls Church of San Vitale Brave Byzantine style show where more purity in the church, is evident in the first two paintings gained imagine Emperor Justinian in his clothes men surrounded his church and private sectors.
The second perception Empress "Theodora" in the luxury clothes with the ladies tiles, and notes the emergence in the eastern these paintings, freely implementation terms than ideal, where show photographer careful transfer of personal individuals, and the colors used strong, and we note influences in the Persian decoration fabric fine In Taj Empress Almrassa Jeweled and in a drawing people in a confrontation, and the calm prevailed in the art of photography in the period denied the charges of Constantinople.
However, the art of mosaics flourish again in the (9 Ac), where less size pieces, and reflected in the Church of Constantinople, whatever Sofia beautiful decorations are superior species of this art form due to the different ages of the most important paintings Tessellation those falling highest southern entrance shows Emperor submit Justinian model church to the Virgin and Christ , the plate is the southern entrance picture shows the Virgin and Child surrounded emperor Constantine greatest presented a model of the city and Justinian which provides a model for the church , and third on the southern entrance showing the Virgin and Child between Constantine and Justinian , the main entrance leading to the structure of Narzqs seem Christ surrounded by images of the virgin half-pipe and owners Gabriel and find Emperor Crowner prostrate, as well as a picture of the Virgin standing shoulder Jesus Christ .
We have spread the art of mosaics in the Byzantine Empire, where outside parts manufacturers Greeks brought rulers of the Byzantine Empire, and shows examples of this in Russia in the Church of St Michael and elsewhere, either mosaic Church of Saint disco in Venice, Italy, has been implemented in the trappings sporadic periods.
The art of mosaic pattern promised special artist in fashioning objects from the small mosaic pieces and varied colors, and inertia characteristics of the movement of objects, and the unwavering commitment of the frequent in the group, and demonstrate the advantages of avoiding objects or inform impact on the emotions of members and features in the faces, as well as coverage area Objects enormous wealth of varied finishes first and explains much of what we achieved Byzantine life of prosperity as the capital of the Eastern Roman road to the key countries of the Near and Far East, and so it is clear that the art of the Byzantine mosaics art brought to the art of architecture oriented decoration.
Imaging Wall art of photography is closely linked to the art of mosaics whether in the style or theme or colors, often with the mosaic decorations in the paint, which mark in the first before proving it cut mosaics, and color photography on the walls are covered daub or on the blackboard , the Romans did not use the camera as much wall preferred by Mosaic, and the best of what was found in the Eastern Roman Empire was the first appearance of the wall portraying Christian caches early Christians built underground in the pagan period, and the subjects were, of course, limited to the stories and symbols of Christianity good personalities and Virgin.
Photography has flourished wall at the end of the Byzantine period where the weak and delayed Empire was not on the degree of wealth assist them to continue in the production of mosaic, and replaced by water fees color and, in general, the photography in this age where expression is strongly dominated by side emotional and predominance humanitarian nature and freedom from the stalemate which saw in the previous period.
In spite of the lack of production However, we see wonderful examples of this in Gaza and Egypt, included stories on topics Christian religious story of Adam and Haw, Youssef Ibrahim and sacrifice, and a number of the many functional models, and taking pictures of Christ within the spherical dome surrounded by angels U.S. groups and the perception of prophets The messengers, the martyrs and the bishops cellars and the highest walls.
Icons (religious images) This is more art photography in the art of Byzantine style, meaning icon in the destruction has implemented Tessellation or murals (Fresco) and the origin of this word in Greek means the image is used in reference to the Christian images of religious subjects.
If the image of a person from the category of non-saints and martyrs he called the term (Portrait) In the case of a subject as it is called word (Picture).
The artistic icons in the early stages before the century (7 Bc) close similarities pictures wood was no paint on wood, but the models dating back to the centuries-art wood, flax, which Just a layer of plaster before painting it.
Are suspension icons on the walls of the church or higher veil that separates the structure from the rest of the corridors of the church, and the icons used during the performance of religious rites and rituals in festivals and celebrations where perception event, which is celebrated.
The origin usually venerating the icon there was evidence which indicated that proscribe the use of icons of Christianity, with the old responded to the prohibition of images through the statement in the second commandment in the Decalogue exit and therefore we can say that usually venerating the icon due to the ages of pre-emergence of Christianity, and then became a tradition from antiquity, perhaps illustrated study of art forms prior to the icons are:
1. Paintings Alorton Lorton)) Oarton in the literal meaning of a painting glory is derived from the Latin word (Lourus), a portrait of personality (Portrait) to the Roman Emperor paint when it assumed the throne had been sent to all parts of the empire are commenting in public places flowers decoration and a symbol of the presence of the Emperor during the funeral celebrations on the occasion of the administrative and political events, and used to be burning incense and candles in front of the personal paintings, and in some occasions these paintings shoulder in the parade, and even after Christianity became the religion has been recognized by the painting of Emperor personal photographic tradition swimsuits these photographs Emperor par with the personality of the emperor , it would provide respect and reverence for the emperor's person, it consequently provides respect for the image of the emperor.
2. Images Consulate (rulers Presidents of the Republic of ancient Rome and Leadership and the bishops appointed), and he was right when it is installed in the paint them plates personal perception, as it applies to the images of saints was applied to images Emperors of venerating a tradition inherited from the ancient world .
3. In Egypt, we find plaster masks or personal photographs found in the graves Agon Fayyoum governorate due to the first century AD, which provides special features of the deceased and his faith, which is pre-Christian icon in terms of artistic style and content, while others felt that the personal photographic portraits of Momciawat Fayyoum had an impact on the art of icon-making. Venerating icons Since the sixth century AD and the subsequent images mentioned frequently in religious sources, the images become a serious topic of personality cult and people began attributing magical powers of the icon.
In this era show icons Marvel origin (but not set mankind), which was called Ajerboitai (Acheiropeietel).
Numerous stories and pictures on these human-manufactured hands throughout the Mediterranean countries.
A novel recalls that in (570 Ac) from the tourist Antonio's Byaknzam trip to visit the holy sites and view images of the Christ in the Church Bmmvis (Auditor) and so pressure pieces of cloth If the picture features the face of Christ miraculously printed on a piece of cloth.
It Ajerboitai months Tire Tire Aidesa (edessa) It is said that Abjr (abgar) Aidesa king had sent a letter to Mr.
Christ hopes the visit until his recovery, and what could not go to Christ himself so he sent a messenger carrying an image of Christ printed on personal a piece of cloth, which has been doing healing Abjr .
Jerusalem has formed kerchief Veronica (veronica), which according to the story that Christ, I saw a woman carrying Red sweating race teams have heart, broken penetrates the siege of the Romans soldiers to delete Bmendilha his face and when it has found that the image of Christ has been printed on this Handkerchief, and thus became the picture at the Orthodox known as the image of Christ which emerges not by man. Factors that have helped the spread of the art of making icons Amid this climate of religious higher the status of the clerics and their neighborhoods and their dead and intent Klwathm people seeking blessings and loved, and was founded by images of saints and Beatification tribute and off they qualities are not qualities of human beings, as has pictures of Christ and the Virgin important places in Constantinople and other cities Byzantine and were prostrate in front of exploited and through seeking blessings and healing and bathroom, and the circuit characteristics to the human icons, it is not surprising that Balaigouna used to protect the city and ensure victory in the battles. The icons provide Mrdia strongly spiritual one it has Achaawa The victory Hercules on the horse in (628 m) but was due to Baraka icon of the Virgin fell from the sky, and the Sirte going around speaking and other images left, and the interest of the clergy consolidate and strengthen imagination and the belief that even reaping the manufacture and sale of profit abundant, Mall so that these pictures are only a means to clarify and to educate the general belief that ordinary people and said it addresses the emotion and sense of sight, as the Bible states address the mind and sense of hearing, and that their statements were not worship images Kfr son of God did not worshiped, he felt the same picture of the head, which he deems important one is not. That factor in the prosperity of the art of making icons is entering Palestine in the hands of the Islamic state and the influx of flood impacts and religious artifacts from the Middle causing shortages exploited religious Painters making more icons to fill shortages, and over time became icons are of interest to worshipers, many of whom believe that the ability of icons bringing miracles and miraculous, and when widespread belief that the line was lost separates cult icons and worshiping idols. Against that view has one link between worship idols and images of religious and Climate position and feelings about art with the growth of the number of religious icons aggravated the conflict between opponents and defenders resulted in the outbreak of the discussions breaking religious icons and statues. Where emperor Leo III issued a decree in (726 Ac) the removal of all statues and religious pictures adorning the churches and monasteries and ordered destroyed. The attitude of Leo III of cult icons (Icoclasm) part of a larger program of reform and rebuild the empire after deteriorating condition in the seventh century and the early eighth century. As well as the large number of monasteries and monks say: the number of soldiers and next at public functions to escape from the responsibilities and shift production of the life of peasants positive to negative life Reclusion which led to the weakness of the army and the deterioration of agriculture, while the richest monasteries and control of the clergy thought, culture and the arts, It also dominated the church the old idea grab powers religious and mundane together. Therefore, some felt that the intention is to weaken the Imperial Decree authority monasteries were encouraged cult icons. It is worth mentioning that a Jew from the city of Leticia drew the attention of the Umayyad Caliph over bin Abdul Malik (720 724 Ac) about the proliferation of icons in churches and prayer orientation, and the impact Khalifa issued a decision in (723 Ac) requires removing icons from all churches in the Islamic state, and especially churches Egypt, and barely goes to the decision over Ben Abdul Malik three years until the formulaic Leo III in 726 m graphics artist and the removal of all statues and religious icons, in addition to that charged Liu third of the assets that Eastern (Syrian origin), and in any case is unlikely to be the teachings of Islam have their positive impact in the State Byzantine cultural result of friction between Muslims and Byzantines. It has been established that the Muslims did not carry with them the idea of Asia Minor Jihad and the invasion but were transferred with their ideas and their civilization and culture particular hatred for imaging the human body images and statues, and this means that the challenge of the Islamic Arab debating is not a military challenge, but was intellectually challenging and a cultural impact on the doctrine itself. As for the impact of the movement to outlaw cult icons Byzantine art has had a big impact on the movement arts painting, photography is a Byzantine belief was affected by a conflict between the teachings of the Islamic faith, which prohibits strongly portray the prophet, angels and humans and between monks adherents traditional Christian Byzantine heritage, which is filmed these subjects part of the introduction of faith to the hearts of worshipers. As the artistic scene was deprived of success icons in effect stopped Authority for promoting artists experienced in portraying angels and prophets and saints, and authorities adopted a new empire fee is a combination of abstract decoration engineering and some pictures Ktaior creatures, animals, trees and flowers, and has refined this art Impersonator of nature in the form of fields eyes of the Emperors deprived of worship icons and forced artists government followed in decorating and graphics some churches began to disappear, including pictures of Christ and the Virgin Hawwarier and angels and prophets of Bani Israel and replaced by photographs of the heritage Alhlinsti (Alexandria), or even of Greek heritage (classical), which includes among his themes myths superstitious, LIU appears champion Alaliazh instead of Samson Jabbar champion Torah, and was replaced images of Alexander the Great replace images of Jesus Christ. This occurred in the nineteenth century movement sent to both classical Greek art, or Alhlinsti (Alexandria), in addition to the artist went to the ground and kept his themes, including raindrops Tasawerh Nevertheless, it returned the effects inlaid Greek art eastern Iranian Fezhrt Chanticleers Greek images and pictures peacock. Imaging manuscripts The art of refurbishing manuscripts of important fields where artists excelled Byzantines, and the development of imaging technique in Byzantine manuscripts in stages similar stages of development fees mosaics, and photography discriminate in manuscripts in the final stages and the lively expression, and has reached us some Byzantine manuscripts royalty Baltasawer includes some civilian topics include others religious themes. As we received some Byzantine manuscripts Almzoukh shape Tasawerha some Islamic influences, and this book manuscripts on the Psalms and Greek manuscript dated this year (1066 Ac) and the manuscript of another British Museum, the Islamic influence is evident in the manuscripts by surprise as we note the use of the elements of plant known in the Islamic decoration in particular and the influence Islamic nature in general.